In the same vein, co-creation opportunities at destinations are reliant on the exchange of touristic resources, facilitated by a plethora of technologies ( Bustard et al., 2019). In addition, these technologies add value to tourist experiences in a concrete manner by fostering co-creation ( Neuhofer et al., 2015). In addition, information and communication technology (ICT) have drastically changed the nature of the tourism experience ( Buhalis and Law, 2008 Pesonen, 2013) by empowering co-creation ( Kirillova and Wang, 2016 Neuhofer et al., 2012) and extending the space in which experiences can be co-created ( Neuhofer et al., 2012). The customer plays a crucial role in this process ( Grönroos, 2012) and technology is being used to co-create enhanced experiences. Value co-creation refers to a resource integration process between the provider and the customer ( Vargo and Lusch, 2008) and that all the actors involved in the process act to benefit from the interaction. Studies on value co-creation have been increasingly applied in the field of tourism ( Chathoth et al., 2016). The full terms of this licence may be seen at Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence.
Copyright © 2019, Erose Sthapit and Peter Björk.
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